Psychiatry Research
Volume 105, Issue 1 , Pages 13-22 , 15 December 2001

Psychiatric morbidity and post-traumatic symptoms among survivors in the early stage following the 1999 earthquake in Taiwan

Received 1 May 2000 ,Revised 14 December 2000 ,Accepted 14 May 2001.

References 

  1. American Psychiatric Association, 1994. DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Author, Washington, DC.
  2. Breslau N, Davis GC, Andreski P, Peterson E. Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1991;48:216–222
  3. Cheng TA. A community study of minor psychiatric morbidity in Taiwan. Psychological Medicine. 1988;18:953–968
  4. Cheng TA, Williams P. The design and development of a screening questionnaire (CHQ) for use in community studies of mental disorder in Taiwan. Psychological Medicine. 1986;16:415–422
  5. Chong MY. Psychiatric screening of patients admitted for general health examinations. Chinese Psychiatry. 1990;4:259–267
  6. Chong MY, Wilkison G. Validation of 30- and 12-item versions of the Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ) in patients admitted for general health screening. Psychological Medicine. 1989;19:495–505
  7. Friedman MJ. Posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1997;58(supp1 9):33–36
  8. Goenjian A. A mental health relief programme in Armenia after the 1988 earthquake. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;163:230–239
  9. Goenjian A, Najarian LM, Pynoos RS, Steinberg AM, Manoukian G, Tavosian A, et al. Post-traumatic stress disorders in elderly and younger adults after the 1988 earthquake in Armenia. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1994;151:895–901
  10. Goenjian A, Steinberg AM, Najarian LM, Fairbanks LA, Tashjian M, Pynoos RS. Prospective study of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depressive reactions after earthquake and political violence. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000;157:911–916
  11. Harvey AG, Bryant RA. Two-year prospective evaluation of the relationship between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder following mild traumatic brain injury. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000;157:626–628
  12. Hwu HG, Yang SY. Psychiatric diagnostic assessment: establishment and inter-rater reliability. Chinese Psychiatry. 1988;2:267–278
  13. Kato H, Asukai N, Miyaka Y, Minakawa K, Nishiyama A. Post-traumatic symptoms among younger and elderly evacuees in the early stages following the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji earthquake in Japan. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1996;93:477–481
  14. Kessler RC, Sonnega A, Bromet E, Hughes M, Nelson CB. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1995;52(12):1048–1060
  15. Lima BR, Chavez H, Samaniego N, Pompei MS, Pai S, Santacruz H, et al. Disaster severity and emotional disturbance: implications for primary mental health care in developing countries. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1989;79:74–82
  16. Lima BR, Pai S, Santacruz H, Lozano J, Luna J. Screening for the psychological consequences of a major disaster in a developing country: Armero, Colombia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1987;76:561–567
  17. Lin LS, Lee MB, Lee YJ, Tseng MC, Houang RS. Psychiatric disorders in inpatients with stroke. Chinese Psychiatry. 1995;9:65–73
  18. McMillen JC, North CS, Smith EM. What parts of PTSD are normal: intrusion, avoidance or arousal? Data from the Northridge, California, earthquake. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2000;13:57–75
  19. Mayou R, Bryant B, Duthie R. Psychiatric consequences of road traffic accidents. British Journal of Medicine. 1993;307:647–651
  20. North CS, Nixon SJ, Shariat S, Mallonee S, McMillen JC, Spitznagel EL, et al. Psychiatric disorders among survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1999;282:755–762
  21. Perry S, Difede JA, Musgni G, Frances AJ, Jacobsberg L. Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder after burn injury. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1992;149:931–935
  22. Rubonis AV, Bickman L. Psychological impairment in the wake of disaster: the disaster-psychopathology relationship. Psychological Bulletin. 1991;109:384–399
  23. Shalev AY, Orr SP, Peri T, Schreiber S, Pitman RK. Physiologic response to loud tones in Israeli patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1992;49:870–875
  24. Sharan P, Chaudhary G, Kavathekar SA, Saxena S. Preliminary report of psychiatric disorders in survivors of a severe earthquake. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1996;153:556–558
  25. Solmon SD, Davidson JRT. Trauma: prevalence, impairment, service use and cost in psychiatry. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1997;58(suppl 9):5–11
  26. Van der Kolk BA. The psychobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1997;58(suppl 9):16–24
  27. Yang YK, Yeh TL, Chen CC. Post–traumatic stress disorder: the Yu-Chyr town experiences from a severe earthquake in Taiwan. Journal of Nursing. 1999;46:20–29
  28. Yehuda R, Giller EL, Southwick SM, Lowy MT, Mason JW. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry. 1991;30:1031–1048

PII: S0165-1781(01)00334-1

Psychiatry Research
Volume 105, Issue 1 , Pages 13-22 , 15 December 2001