Psychiatry Research
Volume 120, Issue 1 , Pages 71-84 , 30 August 2003

Distinct serial position profiles and neuropsychological measures differentiate late life depression from normal aging and Alzheimer's disease

  • Nancy S Foldi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., NSB-E318, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
    • Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Winthrop-University, Hospital, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1-718-997-3253
    • ,
  • Adam M Brickman

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., NSB-E318, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
    • ,
  • Lynn A Schaefer

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., NSB-E318, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
    • Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Winthrop-University, Hospital, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
    • ,
  • Margaret E Knutelska

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., NSB-E318, Flushing, NY 11367, USA

Received 6 December 2002 ,Revised 6 June 2003 ,Accepted 13 June 2003.

References 

  1. American Psychiatric Association 1987. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd edn. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC
  2. Armstrong C, Onishi K, Robinson K, D'Esposito M, Thompson H, Rostami A, et al. Serial position and temporal cue effects in multiple sclerosis: two subtypes of defective memory mechanisms. Neuropsychologia. 1996;34:853–862
  3. Atkinson RC, Shiffrin RM. Human memory: a proposed system and its control processes. In:  Spence KW,  Spence JI editor. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theories. New York: Academic Press; 1968;p. 89–195
  4. Baddeley A. Is working memory still working?. American Psychologist. 2001;56:851–864
  5. Baddeley A, Hitch GJ. The recency effect: implicit learning with explicit retrieval?. Memory and Cognition. 1993;21:146–155
  6. Bayley PJ, Salmon DP, Bondi MW, Bui BK, Olichney J, Delis DC, et al. Comparison of the serial position effect in very mild Alzheimer's disease, mild Alzheimer's disease and amnesia associated with electoconvulsive therapy. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. 2000;6:290–298
  7. Bäckman L, Small BJ. Influence of cognitive support on episodic remembering: tracing the process of loss from normal aging to Alzheimer's disease. Psychology and Aging. 1998;13:267–276
  8. Bemelmans KJ, Goekoop JG, van Kempen GMJ. Recall performance in acutely depressed patients and plasma cortisol. Biological Psychiatry. 1996;39:750–752
  9. Benton AL, Hamsher KD. Multilingual Aphasia Examination Manual. Revised edition. Iowa City: University of Iowa; 1976;
  10. Bigler ED, Rosa L, Schultz F, Hall S, Harris J. Rey-Auditory Verbal Learning and Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Design performance in Alzheimer's disease and closed head injury. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1989;45:277–280
  11. Carlesimo GA, Sabbadini M, Fadda L, Caltagirone C. Different components in word-list forgetting of pure amnesics, degenerative demented, and healthy subjects. Cortex. 1995;31:735–745
  12. Copeland MP, Daly E, Hines V, Mastromauro C, Zaitchik D, Gunther J, et al. Psychiatric symptomatology and prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders. 2003;17A:1–8
  13. Delis DC, Kaplan E, Kramer JH, Ober BA. California Verbal Learning Test-II. 2nd ed. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 2000;
  14. Delis DC, Kramer JH, Kaplan E, Ober BA. California Verbal Learning Test: Adult Version. New York: The Psychological Corporation; 1987;
  15. Delis DC, Massman PJ, Butters N, Salmon DP, Cermak LS, Kramer JH. Profiles of demented and amnesic patients on the California Verbal Learning Test: implications for the assessment of memory disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1991;3(1):19–26
  16. Elliott R, Sahakian BJ, McKay AP, Herrod JJ, Robbins TW, Paykel ES. Neuropsychological impairments in unipolar depression: the influence of perceived failure on subsequent performance. Psychological Medicine. 1996;26:975–989
  17. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-Mental State: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 1975;12:189–198
  18. Gainotti G, Marra C. Some aspects of memory disorders clearly distinguish dementia of the Alzheimer's type from depressive pseudo-dementia. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 1994;16:65–78
  19. Gainotti G, Marra C, Villa G, Parlato V, Chiarotti F. Sensitivity and specificity of some neuropsychological markers of Alzheimer's dementia. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders. 1998;12:152–162
  20. Geffen G, Bate A, Wright M, Rozenbilds U, Geffen L. A comparison of cognitive impairments in dementia of the Alzheimer type and depression in the elderly. Dementia. 1993;4:294–300
  21. Gibson A. A further analysis of memory loss in dementia and depression in the elderly. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1981;20:179–185
  22. Hill CD, Stoudemire AL, Morris R, Martino-Saltzman D, Markwalter HR. Similarities and differences in memory deficits in patients with primary dementia and depression-related cognitive dysfunction. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 1993;5:277–282
  23. Kopelman MD. Rates of forgetting in Alzheimer-type dementia and Korsakoff's syndrome. Neuropsychologia. 1985;23:623–638
  24. Landro JI, Stiles TC, Sletvold H. Neuropsychological function in nonpsychotic unipolar major depression. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology. 2001;14:233–240
  25. Lezak MD. Neuropsychological Assessment. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1995;
  26. Massman PJ, Delis DC, Butters N, Dupont RM, Gillin JC. The subcortical dysfunction hypothesis of memory deficits in depression: neuropsychological validation in a subgroup of patients. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 1992;14:687–706
  27. Mattis S. Dementia Rating Scale: Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc; 1988;
  28. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein MF, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group, Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology. 1984;34:939–944
  29. Mitrushina M, Satz P, Chervinsky A, D'Elia L. Performance of four age groups of normal elderly on the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1991;47:351–357
  30. Monsch AU, Bondi M, Butters N, Salmon DP, Katzman R, Thal LJ. Comparisons of verbal fluency tasks in the detection of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Archives of Neurology. 1992;49:1253–1258
  31. Monsch AU, Foldi NS, Ermini-Fünfschilling D, Berres M, Stähelin HB, Spiegel R. Improving the diagnostic accuracy of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 1995;92:145–150
  32. Murdock BB. Serial position effect of free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 1962;64:482–488
  33. Nebes RD, Butters MA, Houck PR, Zmuda MD, Aizenstein H, Pollock BG, et al. Dual-task performance in depressed geriatric patients. Psychoanalytic Inquiry. 2001;102:139–151
  34. Nebes RD, Butters MA, Mulsant BH, Pollock BG, Zmuda MD, Houck PR, et al. Decreased working memory and processing speed mediate cognitive impairment in geriatric depression. Psychological Medicine. 2000;30:679–691
  35. Newcombe F. Missile Wounds of the Brain. New York: Oxford University Press; 1969;
  36. Petersen RC, Smith G, Kokmen E, Irving RJ, Tangalos EG. Memory functioning in normal aging. Neurology. 1992;42:396–401
  37. Raaijmakers JGW, Shiffrin RM. Search of associative memory. Psychological Review. 1981;88:93–134
  38. Rey A. Memorisation d'une serie de 15 mots en 5 répétitions. In:  Rey A editors. L'Examen Clinique en Psychologie. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France; 1958;p. 26–42
  39. Salmon D, Thomas RG, Pay MM, Booth A, Hofstetter CR, Thal JL, et al. Alzheimer's disease can be accurately diagnosed in very mildly impaired individuals. Neurology. 2002;59:1022–1028
  40. Tan L, Ward G. A recency-based account of the primacy effect in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition. 2000;26:1589–1625
  41. Vitaliano PP, Breen AR, Albert MS, Russo J, Prinz PN. Memory, attention and functional status in community-residing Alzheimer type dementia patients and optimally healthy aged individuals. Journal of Gerontology. 1984;39:58–64
  42. Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. 3rd edn. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 1997;
  43. Weingartner H. Automatic and effort-demanding cognitive processes in depression. In:  Poon LW editors. Clinical Memory Assessment of Older Adults. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 1986;p. 218–225
  44. Weingartner H, Cohen RM, Murphy DL, Martello J, Gerdt C. Cognitive processes in depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1981;38:42–47
  45. Wright RE. Adult age similarities in free recall output order and strategies. Journal of Gerontology. 1982;37:76–79
  46. Zubenko GS, Zubenko WN, McPherson S, Spoor E, Marin DB, Farlow MR, et al. A collaborative study of the emergence and clinical features of the major depressive syndrome of Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;160:857–866

PII: S0165-1781(03)00163-X

doi: 10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00163-X

Psychiatry Research
Volume 120, Issue 1 , Pages 71-84 , 30 August 2003

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution