Psychiatry Research
Volume 121, Issue 3 , Pages 207-217 , 1 January 2004

Executive dysfunctions as potential markers of familial vulnerability to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

  • Tiziana Zalla

      Affiliations

    • Institut de Sciences Cognitives, Bron, France
    • ,
  • Cécile Joyce

      Affiliations

    • Laboratoire de Cognition et Communication, Paris V, France
    • ,
  • Andrei Szöke

      Affiliations

    • Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Albert Chenevier et Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Creteil, France
    • INSERM U 513, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France
    • ,
  • Franck Schürhoff

      Affiliations

    • Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Albert Chenevier et Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Creteil, France
    • INSERM U 513, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France
    • ,
  • Bernard Pillon

      Affiliations

    • INSERM E 007, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
    • ,
  • Odile Komano

      Affiliations

    • Laboratoire CNRS UMR 7593, Personnalité et Conduites Adaptatives, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
    • ,
  • Fernando Perez-Diaz

      Affiliations

    • Laboratoire CNRS UMR 7593, Personnalité et Conduites Adaptatives, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
    • ,
  • Frank Bellivier

      Affiliations

    • Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Albert Chenevier et Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Creteil, France
    • INSERM U 513, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France
    • ,
  • Caroline Alter

      Affiliations

    • Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Albert Chenevier et Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Creteil, France
    • INSERM U 513, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France
    • ,
  • Bruno Dubois

      Affiliations

    • INSERM E 007, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
    • ,
  • Frédéric Rouillon

      Affiliations

    • Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Albert Chenevier et Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Creteil, France
    • INSERM U 513, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France
    • ,
  • Olivier Houde

      Affiliations

    • Laboratoire de Cognition et Communication, Paris V, France
    • ,
  • Marion Leboyer

      Affiliations

    • Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Albert Chenevier et Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Creteil, France
    • INSERM U 513, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, 40 rue de Mesly, Creteil 94000, France. Tel.: +33-1-49-81-30-51; fax: +33-1-49-81-30-59

Received 9 August 2002 ,Revised 11 August 2003 ,Accepted 16 September 2003.

References 

  1. Addington J, Addington D. Attentional vulnerability indicators in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophrenia Research. 1997;23:197–204
  2. American Psychiatric Association, 1994. DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. APA, Washington, DC
  3. Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, Flaum M, Nopoulos P, Watkins GL, Boles Ponto LL, et al. Hypofrontality in schizophrenia: distributed dysfunctional circuits in neuroleptic-naive patients. Lancet. 1997;14(349(9067)):1730–1734
  4. Barch DM, Braver TS, Sabb FW, Noll DC. Anterior cingulate and the monitoring of response conflict: evidence from an fMRI study of overt verb generation. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2000;12:298–309
  5. Bearden CE, Hoffman KM, Cannon TD. The neuropsychology and neuroanatomy of bipolar affective disorder: a critical review. Bipolar Disorder. 2001;3:151–153
  6. Beech A, Powell T, McWilliam J, Claridge G. Evidence of reduced ‘cognitive inhibition’ in schizophrenia. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1989;28:109–116
  7. Bench CJ, Frith CD, Grasby PM, Friston KJ, Paulesu E, Frackowiak RS, et al. Investigations of the functional anatomy of attention using the Stroop test. Neuropsychologia. 1993;31:907–922
  8. Berrettini WH. Are schizophrenic and bipolar disorders related? A review of family and molecular studies. Biological Psychiatry. 2000;15(48(6)):531–538
  9. Blumberg HP, Stern E, Martinez D, Ricketts S, de Asis J, White T, et al. Increased anterior cingulate and caudate activity in bipolar mania. Biological Psychiatry. 2000;1(48):1045–1052
  10. Calev A, Pollina DA, Fennig S, Banerjee S. Neuropsychology of mood disorders. In:  Calev A editors. Assessment of Neuropsychological Functions in Psychiatric Disorders. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC; 1999;p. 67–98
  11. Carter CS, Mintun M, Nichols T, Cohen JD. Anterior cingulate gyrus dysfunction and selective attention deficits in schizophrenia: [15O]H2O PET study during single-trial Stroop task performance. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;154:1670–1675
  12. Carter CS, Perlstein W, Ganguli R, Brar J, Mintun M, Cohen JD. Functional hypofrontality and working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1998;155:1285–1287
  13. Chen WJ, Faraone SV. Sustained attention deficits as markers of genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia. American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2000;97:52–57
  14. Conklin HM, Curtis CE, Katsanis J, Iacono WG. Verbal working memory impairment in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree relatives: evidence from the digit span task. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000;157:275–277
  15. Crow TJ. Is schizophrenia the price that Homo sapiens pays for language?. Schizophrenia Research. 1997;19:127–141
  16. Cyr JJ, Brooker BH. Use of appropriate formulas for selecting WAIS-R short forms. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52:903–905
  17. Dolan RJ, Fletcher P, Frith CD, Friston KJ, Frackowiak RS, Grasby PM. Dopaminergic modulation of impaired cognitive activation in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia. Nature. 1995;9(378):180–182
  18. Dollfus S, Lombardo C, Benali K, Halbecq I, Abadie P, Marie RM, et al. Executive/attentional cognitive functions in schizophrenic patients and their parents: a preliminary study. Schizophrenia Research. 2002;1(53):93–99
  19. Egan MF, Goldberg TE, Gscheidle T, Weirich M, Bigelow LB, Weinberger DR. Relative risk of attention deficits in siblings of patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000;157:1309–1316
  20. Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. Quantitative models of the genetic transmission of schizophrenia. Psychological Bulletin. 1985;98:41–66
  21. Ferrier IN, Stanton BR, Kelly TP, Scott J. Neuropsychological function in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1999;175:246–251
  22. Freedman R, Adler LE, Leonard S. Alternative phenotypes for the complex genetics of schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry. 1999;45:551–558
  23. Gilvarry CM, Russell A, Hemsley D, Murray RM. Trail Making Test performance in the first degree relatives of schizophrenic and affective psychotic patients. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. 2000;5:219–234
  24. Gilvarry CM, Russell A, Jones P, Sham P, Hemsley D, Murray RM. Verbal fluency in patients with schizophrenia and affective psychoses and their first-degree relatives. Psychological Medicine. 2001;31:695–704
  25. Goldberg TE. Some fairly obvious distinctions between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophrenia Research. 1999;29:127–132
  26. Goldberg TE, Ragland JD, Torrey EF, Gold JM, Bigelow LB, Weinberger DR. Neuropsychological assessment of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1990;47:1066–1072
  27. Goldberg TE, Torrey EF, Gold JM, Bigelow LB, Ragland RD, Taylor E, et al. Genetic risk of neuropsychological impairment in schizophrenia: a study of monozygotic twins discordant and concordant for the disorder. Schizophrenia Research. 1995;17:77–84
  28. Golden CJ. Stroop Color and Word Test. A Manual for Clinical and Experimental Uses. Chicago, IL: Stoelting; 1978;
  29. Gottesman I, Shields J. Schizophrenia: The Epigenetic Puzzle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1982;
  30. Haznedar MM, Buchsbaum MS, Luu C, Hazlett EA, Siegel BV, Lohr J, et al. Decreased anterior cingulate gyrus metabolic rate in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;154:682–684
  31. Heaton RK. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1981;
  32. Keefe RS, Silverman JM, Roitman SE, Harvey PD, Duncan MA, Alroy D, et al. Performance of nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients on cognitive tests. Psychiatry Research. 1994;53:1–12
  33. Keri S, Kelemen O, Benedek G, Janka Z. Different trait markers for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a neurocognitive approach. Psychological Medicine. 2001;31(5):915–922
  34. Knable MB, Weinberger DR. Dopamine, the prefrontal cortex and schizophrenia. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 1997;11:123–131
  35. Kolb B, Whishaw IQ. Performance of schizophrenic patients on tests sensitive to left or right frontal, temporal, or parietal function in neurological patients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1983;171:435–443
  36. Kremen WS, Seidman LJ, Pepple JR, Lyons MJ, Tsuang MT, Faraone SV. Neuropsychological risk indicators for schizophrenia: a review of family studies. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 1994;20:103–119
  37. Leboyer M, Bellivier F, Nosten-Bertrand M, Jouvent R, Pauls D, Mallet J. Psychiatry genetics: search for phenotypes. Trends in Neurosciences. 1998;21(3):102–105
  38. Liddle PF, Morris DL. Schizophrenic syndromes and frontal lobe performance. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1991;158:340–345
  39. MacDonald AW, Cohen JD, Stenger VA, Carter CS. Dissociating the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in cognitive control. Science. 2000;9(288):1835–1838
  40. Martinez-Aran A, Vieta E, Colom F, Reinares M, Benabarre A, Gasto C, et al. Cognitive dysfunctions in bipolar disorder: evidence of neuropsychological disturbances. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2000;69:2–18
  41. Maxwell, M.E., 1992. Family interview for genetic studies. Clinical Neurogenetic Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIMH
  42. McGrath J, Scheldt S, Welham J, Clair A. Performance on tests sensitive to impaired executive ability in schizophrenia, mania and well controls: acute and subacute phases. Schizophrenia Research. 1997;29(26):127–137
  43. Mirsky AF, Yardley SL, Jones BP, Walsh D, Kendler KS. Analysis of the attention deficit in schizophrenia: a study of patients and their relatives in Ireland. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 1995;29:23–42
  44. Morice R. Cognitive inflexibility and pre-frontal dysfunction in schizophrenia and mania. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;157:50–54
  45. Morris RG, Rushe T, Woodruff PW, Murray RM. Problem solving in schizophrenia: a specific deficit in planning ability. Schizophrenia Research. 1995;14:235–246
  46. Mulert C, Gallinat J, Pascual-Marqui R, Dorn H, Frick K, Schlattmann P, et al. Reduced event-related current density in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia. Neuroimage. 2001;13:589–600
  47. Murphy FC, Sahakian BJ. Neuropsychology of bipolar disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry Supplement. 2001;41:120–127
  48. Nurnberger JI, Blehar MC, Kaufmann CA, York-Cooler C, Simpson SG, Harkavy-Friedman J, et al. Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. Rationale, unique features, and training. NIMH Genetics Initiative. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1994;51:863–864
  49. Pardo JV, Pardo PJ, Janer KW, Raichle ME. The anterior cingulate cortex mediates processing selection in the Stroop attentional conflict paradigm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 1990;87:256–259
  50. Potash JB, Villour V, Chiu Y. The familial aggregation of psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder pedigrees. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001;158:1258–1264
  51. Reitan RM, Wolfson D. The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery: Theory and Clinical Interpretation. Tucson, AZ: Neuropsychology Press; 1985;
  52. Rieder RO, Mann LS, Weinberger DR, van Kammen DP, Post R. Computed tomographic scans in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar affective disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1983;40:735–739
  53. Rossi A, Daneluzzo E, Mattei P, Bustini M, Casacchia M, Stratta P. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Stroop test performance in schizophrenia: a shared construct. Neuroscience Letters. 1997;25(226):87–90
  54. Rund BR. Backward-masking performance in chronic and nonchronic schizophrenics, affectively disturbed patients, and normal control subjects. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1993;102:74–81
  55. Stratta P, Daneluzzo E, Mattei P, Bustini M, Casacchia M, Rossi A. No deficit in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance of schizophrenic patients’ first-degree relatives. Schizophrenia Research. 1997;26:147–151
  56. Stroop JR. Studies of interference in serial verbal reaction. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 1935;18:643–662
  57. Tam WC, Sewell KW, Deng HC. Information processing in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a discriminant analysis. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1998;186:597–603
  58. Tipper SP. The negative priming effect: inhibitory priming by ignored objects. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A. 1985;37:571–590
  59. Trichard C, Martinot JL, Alagille M, Masure MC, Hardy P, Ginestet D, et al. Time course of prefrontal lobe dysfunction in severely depressed in-patients: a longitudinal neuropsychological study. Psychological Medicine. 1995;25:79–85
  60. Tsuang M. Genotypes, phenotypes and the brain: a search for connections in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;163:299–307
  61. Valles V, van Os J, Guillamat R. Increased morbid risk for schizophrenia in families of in-patients with bipolar illness. Schizophrenia Research. 2000;42:83–90
  62. Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. New York: Psychological Corporation; 1981;
  63. Weinberger DR, Berman KF, Zec RF. Physiologic dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. I. Regional cerebral blood flow evidence. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1986;43:114–124

PII: S0165-1781(03)00252-X

doi: 10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00252-X

Psychiatry Research
Volume 121, Issue 3 , Pages 207-217 , 1 January 2004

Article Tools