Psychiatry Research
Volume 135, Issue 2 , Pages 121-132 , 15 June 2005

Obsessive–compulsive disorder symptom dimensions show specific relationships to psychiatric comorbidity

  • Gregor Hasler

      Affiliations

    • Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 15K North Drive, Room 200, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892-2670, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 301 594 0234; fax: +1 301 402 6100.
    • ,
  • V. Holland LaSalle-Ricci

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    • ,
  • Jonne G. Ronquillo

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    • ,
  • Sarah A. Crawley

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    • ,
  • Lauren W. Cochran

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    • ,
  • Diane Kazuba

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    • ,
  • Benjamin D. Greenberg

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI 02906, USA
    • ,
  • Dennis L. Murphy

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA

Received 24 April 2004 ,Revised 11 February 2005 ,Accepted 20 March 2005.

References 

  1. Abramowitz JS, Franklin ME, Schwartz SA, Furr JM. Symptom presentation and outcome of cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2003;71:1049–1057
  2. Alsobrook IJ, Leckman JF, Goodman WK, Rasmussen SA, Pauls DL. Segregation analysis of obsessive–compulsive disorder using symptom-based factor scores. American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1999;88:669–675
  3. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Washington, DC: APA; 1994;
  4. Angst J, Gamma A, Endrass J, Goodwin R, Ajdacic V, Eich D, et al. Obsessive–compulsive severity spectrum in the community: prevalence, comorbidity, and course. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 2004;254:156–164
  5. Baer L. Factor analysis of symptom subtypes of obsessive compulsive disorder and their relation to personality and tic disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1994;55:18–23(Suppl.)
  6. Bellodi L, Cavallini MC, Bertelli S, Chiapparino D, Riboldi C, Smeraldi E. Morbidity risk for obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorders in first-degree relatives of patients with eating disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001;158:563–569
  7. Cohen J. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 1960;20:37–46
  8. Denys D, de Geus F, van Megen HJ, Westenberg HG. Use of factor analysis to detect potential phenotypes in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Research. 2004;128:273–280
  9. Douglass HM, Moffitt TE, Dar R, McGee R, Silva P. Obsessive–compulsive disorder in a birth cohort of 18-year-olds: prevalence and predictors. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1995;34:1424–1431
  10. Everitt BS, Landau S, Leese M. Cluster Analysis. 4th ed.. London: Arnold; 2001;
  11. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW. Structured Clinical Interview for DM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Patient Edition (SCID-I/P). New York: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute; 2001;
  12. Friedman I, Dar R, Shilony E. Compulsivity and obsessionality in opioid addiction. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2000;188:155–162
  13. Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Mazure C, Delgado P, Heninger GR, et al. The Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: II. Validity. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1989;46:1012–1016
  14. Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Mazure C, Fleischmann RL, Hill CL, et al. The Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: I. Development, use, and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1989;46:1006–1011
  15. Halmi KA, Sunday SR, Klump KL, Strober M, Leckman JF, Fichter M, et al. Obsessions and compulsions in anorexia nervosa subtypes. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 2003;33:308–319
  16. Hantouche EG, Lancrenon S. Modern typology of symptoms and obsessive–compulsive syndromes: results of a large French study of 615 patients. Encephale. 1996;22(1):9–21
  17. Hantouche EG, Angst J, Demonfaucon C, Perugi G, Lancrenon S, Akiskal HS. Cyclothymic OCD: a distinct form?. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2003;75:1–10
  18. Hasler G, Drevets WC, Manji HK, Charney DS. Discovering endophenotypes for major depression. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004;29:1765–1781
  19. Hemmings SM, Kinnear CJ, Lochner C, Niehaus DJ, Knowles JA, Moolman-Smook JC, et al. Early- versus late-onset obsessive–compulsive disorder: investigating genetic and clinical correlates. Psychiatry Research. 2004;128:175–182
  20. LaSalle VH, Cromer KR, Nelson KN, Kazuba D, Justement L, Murphy DL. Diagnostic interview assessed neuropsychiatric disorder comorbidity in 334 individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder. Depression and Anxiety. 2004;19:163–173
  21. Leckman JF, Grice DE, Boardman J, Zhang H, Vitale A, Bondi C, et al. Symptoms of obsessive–compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;154:911–917
  22. Leckman JF, Pauls DL, Zhang H, Rosario-Campos MC, Katsovich L, Kidd KK, et al. Obsessive–compulsive symptom dimensions in affected sibling pairs diagnosed with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2003;116B:60–68
  23. Lilenfeld LR, Kaye WH, Greeno CG, Merikangas KR, Plotnicov K, Pollice C, et al. A controlled family study of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives and effects of proband comorbidity. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1998;55:603–610
  24. Mataix-Cols D, Rauch SL, Manzo PA, Jenike MA, Baer L. Use of factor-analyzed symptom dimensions to predict outcome with serotonin reuptake inhibitors and placebo in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999;156:1409–1416
  25. Mataix-Cols D, Rauch SL, Baer L, Eisen JL, Shera DM, Goodman WK, et al. Symptom stability in adult obsessive–compulsive disorder: data from a naturalistic two-year follow-up study. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002;159:263–268
  26. Mataix-Cols D, Wooderson S, Lawrence N, Brammer MJ, Speckens A, Phillips ML. Distinct neural correlates of washing, checking, and hoarding symptom dimensions in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2004;61:564–576
  27. Matsunaga H, Kiriike N, Miyata A, Iwasaki Y, Matsui T, Fujimoto K, et al. Prevalence and symptomatology of comorbid obsessive–compulsive disorder among bulimic patients. Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 1999;53:661–666
  28. McKay D, Abramowitz JS, Calamari JE, Kyrios M, Radomsky A, Sookman D, et al. A critical evaluation of obsessive–compulsive disorder subtypes: symptoms versus mechanisms. Clinical Psychology Review. 2004;24:283–313
  29. Millet B, Kochman F, Gallarda T, Krebs MO, Demonfaucon F, Barrot I, et al. Phenomenological and comorbid features associated in obsessive–compulsive disorder: influence of age of onset. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2004;79:241–246
  30. Modell JG, Glaser FB, Mountz JM, Schmaltz S, Cyr L. Obsessive and compulsive characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence: quantification by a newly developed questionnaire. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research. 1992;16:266–271
  31. Moritz S, Meier B, Hand I, Schick M, Jahn H. Dimensional structure of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Research. 2004;125:171–180
  32. Nestadt G, Samuels J, Riddle MA, Liang KY, Bienvenu OJ, Hoehn-Saric R, et al. The relationship between obsessive–compulsive disorder and anxiety and affective disorders: results from the Johns Hopkins OCD family study. Psychological Medicine. 2001;31:481–487
  33. Nestadt G, Addington A, Samuels J, Liang KY, Bienvenu OJ, Riddle M, et al. The identification of OCD-related subgroups based on comorbidity. Biological Psychiatry. 2003;53:914–920
  34. Ozaki N, Goldman D, Kaye WH, Plotnicov K, Greenberg BD, Lappalainen J, et al. Serotonin transporter missense mutation associated with a complex neuropsychiatric phenotype. Molecular Psychiatry. 2003;8(895):896–933
  35. Pauls DL, Alsobrook JP, Goodman W, Rasmussen S, Leckman JF. A family study of obsessive–compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1995;152:76–84
  36. Perugi G, Toni C, Frare F, Travierso MC, Hantouche E, Akiskal HS. Obsessive–compulsive-bipolar comorbidity: a systematic exploration of clinical features and treatment outcome. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2002;63:1129–1134
  37. Rosenfeld R, Dar R, Anderson D, Kobak KA, Greist JH. A computer-administered version of the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Psychological Assessment. 1992;4:329–332
  38. Slattery MJ, Dubbert BK, Allen AJ, Leonard HL, Swedo SE, Gourley MF. Prevalence of obsessive–compulsive disorder in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2004;65:301–306
  39. Snider LA, Swedo SE. Childhood-onset obsessive–compulsive disorder and tic disorders: case report and literature review. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2003;13(Suppl. 1):S81–S88
  40. Sobin C, Blundell M, Weiller F, Gavigan C, Haiman C, Karayiorgou M. Phenotypic characteristics of obsessive–compulsive disorder ascertained in adulthood. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 1999;33:265–273
  41. Steketee G, Chambless DL, Tran GQ. Effects of axis I and II comorbidity on behavior therapy outcome for obsessive–compulsive disorder and agoraphobia. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2001;42:76–86
  42. Summerfeldt LJ, Richter MA, Antony MM, Swinson RP. Symptom structure in obsessive–compulsive disorder: a confirmatory factor-analytic study. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1999;37:297–311

PII: S0165-1781(05)00097-1

doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2005.03.003

Psychiatry Research
Volume 135, Issue 2 , Pages 121-132 , 15 June 2005

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution