Self-reported psychotic symptoms predict impulsivity among African-American patients in an urban non-psychiatric medical setting

Abstract 

A variety of epidemiological studies have documented self-reported psychotic symptoms among individuals in the general population. Research has not been conducted on the associations between self-reported psychotic symptoms and enduring personality characteristics, such as impulsivity, among participants in non-psychiatric settings. We hypothesized that impulsivity scores, as measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), would be predicted partly by the presence of one or more of a variety of positive psychotic experiences, determined by the revised Symptom Checklist-90. The sample consisted of 100 African-American men and women seeking care in medical clinics in an urban public sector hospital. The sample was divided into those participants endorsing one or more of six psychotic symptoms and those not reporting psychotic symptoms. Multiple linear regression models examined predictors of impulsivity (as measured by the BIS-11 total score and the two derived subscales), including the effect of self-reported positive psychotic symptoms. The presence of psychotic symptoms was predictive of the total impulsivity score and the ideo-motor impulsivity subscale score, even after adjustment for the effects of other correlates of impulsivity, including gender, homelessness, history of conviction for a misdemeanor or felony, and history of past treatment or hospitalization for psychiatric or substance abuse problems. The findings suggest that there is an important link between the presence of self-reported psychotic symptoms and impulsivity, especially ideo-motor impulsivity, in a general sample of low-income African-American men and women seeking ambulatory medical care. Further research on self-reported psychotic symptoms in non-psychiatric populations is needed, as well as research on the personality correlates of such symptoms, including impulsivity.

Keywords: Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Delusions, Hallucinations, Impulsivity, Psychosis