Psychiatry Research
Volume 135, Issue 2 , Pages 103-111 , 15 June 2005

Disability in schizophrenia: Clinical correlates and prediction over 1-year follow-up

  • Köksal Alptekin

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, 35340 Balçova, İzmir, Turkey
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Bölümü, 35340 Balçova, İzmir, Turkey. Tel.: +90 232 4124157; fax: +90 232 2590541/+90 232 2599723.
    • ,
  • Şahap Erkoç

      Affiliations

    • Bakırköy State Hospital of Mental Health Disorders, İstanbul, Turkey
    • ,
  • Ali K. Göğüş

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
    • ,
  • Savaş Kültür

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, İzmir Atatürk State Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
    • ,
  • Levent Mete

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, İzmir Atatürk State Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
    • ,
  • Alp Üçok

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
    • ,
  • Kazım M. Yazıcı

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

Received 11 November 2003 ,Accepted 28 May 2004.

References 

  1. Altamura AC, Bassetti R, Sassella F, Salvadori D, Mundo E. Duration of untreated psychosis as a predictor of outcome in first-episode schizophrenia: a retrospective study. Schizophrenia Research. 2001;52:29–36
  2. Amminger GP, Edwards J, Brewer WJ, Harrigan S, McGorry PD. Duration of untreated psychosis and cognitive deterioration in first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 2002;54:223–230
  3. Andreasen NC, Roy MA, Flaum M. Positive and negative symptoms. In:  Hirsch SR,  Weinberger DR editor. Schizophrenia. London: Blackwell Science; 1995;p. 28–45
  4. Angelopoulos EK, Markianos M, Daskalopoulou EG, Hatzimanolis J, Tzemos J. Changes in central serotonergic function as a correlate of duration of illness in paranoid schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research. 2002;110:9–17
  5. Bell MD, Bryson G. Work rehabilitation in schizophrenia: does cognitive impairment limit improvement?. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2001;27:269–279
  6. Bell M, Bryson G, Greig T, Corcoran C, Wexler BE. Neurocognitive enhancement therapy with work therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2001;58:763–768
  7. Bobes J, Gutierrez M, Gibert J, Gonzalez MP, Herraiz L, Fernandez A. Quality of life in schizophrenia: long-term follow-up in 362 chronic Spanish schizophrenic outpatients undergoing risperidone maintenance treatment. European Psychiatry. 1998;13:158–163
  8. Bustillo JR, Lauriello J, Keith SJ. Schizophrenia: improving outcome. Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 1999;6:229–240
  9. Croudace TJ, Mason P, Harrison G. Gender differences in long-term outcome of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 1996;18:110
  10. Druss BG, Marcus SC, Rosenheck RA, Olfson M, Tanielian T, Pincus HA. Understanding disability in mental and general medical conditions. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000;157:1485–1491
  11. Ertugrul A, Ulug B. The influence of neurocognitive deficits and symptoms on disability in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2002;105:196–201
  12. Green MF. What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia?. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1996;153:321–330
  13. Guy, W. (Ed.), 1976. Clinical Global Impressions (CGI). ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology. NIMH Psychopharmacology Research Branch. Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, pp. 218–222.
  14. Häfner H, Maurer K, Löffler W, Heiden W, Munk-Jorgensen P, Hambrecht M, et al. The ABC schizophrenia study: a preliminary overview of the results. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 1998;33:380–386
  15. Harrison G, Hopper K, Craig T, Laska E, Siegel C, Wanderling J, et al. Recovery from psychotic illness: a 15- and 25-year international follow-up study. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2001;178:506–517
  16. Heiden W An Der, Häfner H. The epidemiology of onset and course of schizophrenia. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 2000;250:292–303
  17. Hopper K, Wanderling J. Revisiting the developed versus developing country distinction in course and outcome in schizophrenia: results from IsoS, the WHO Collaborative Follow-up Project. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2000;26:835–846
  18. Jablensky A. Epidemiology of schizophrenia: the global burden of disease and disability. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 2000;250:274–285
  19. Kaplan İ. Mental disorders and disability in a primary health care clinic in semi-rural area. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry. 1995;6:169–179
  20. Kirkpatrick B, Buchanan RW, Ross DE, Carpenter WT. A separate disease within the syndrome of schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2001;58:165–171
  21. Kisely SR, Goldberg DP. Physical and psychiatric comorbidity in general practice. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1996;169:236–242
  22. Kulu I. Husbands as decision-makers in relation to family size: east–west regional differentials in Turkey. Nüfusbilim Dergisi. 1990;12:41–64
  23. Lay B, Blanz B, Hartmann M, Schmidt MH. The psychosocial outcome of adolescent-onset schizophrenia: a 12-year follow-up. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2000;26:801–816
  24. Leisse M, Kallert TW. Social integration and the quality of life of schizophrenic patients in different types of complementary care. European Psychiatry. 2000;15:450–460
  25. Lenior ME, Dingemans PMA, Linszen DH, De Haan L, Schene AH. Social functioning and the course of early-onset schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2001;179:53–58
  26. Liddle PF. Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: its impact on social functioning. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2000;400:11–16Supplementum
  27. Lingjaerde O, Ahlfors UG, Bech P, Dencker SJ, Elgen K. The UKU Side Effect Rating Scale. A new comprehensive rating scale for psychotropic drugs and a cross-sectional study of side effects in neuroleptic-treated patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1987;334:1–100Supplementum
  28. Lora A, Cosentino U, Rossini MS, Lanzara D. A cluster analysis of patients with schizophrenia in community care. Psychiatric Services. 2001;52:682–684
  29. Madsen AL, Karle A, Rubin P, Cortsen M, Andersen HS, Hemmingsen R. Progressive atrophy of the frontal lobes in first-episode schizophrenia: interaction with clinical course and neuroleptic treatment. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1999;100:367–374
  30. Malla AK, Norman RMG, Manchanda R, Ahmed MR, Scholten D, Harricharan R, et al. One-year outcome in first episode psychosis: influence of DUP and other predictors. Schizophrenia Research. 2002;54:231–242
  31. Martucci M, Balestrieri M, Bisoffi G, Bonizzato P, Covre MG, Cunico C, et al. Evaluating psychiatric morbidity in a general hospital: a two-phase epidemiological survey. Psychological Medicine. 1999;29:823–832
  32. Moriarty PJ, Lieber D, Bennett A, White L, Parrella M, Harvey PD, et al. Gender differences in poor outcome patients with lifelong schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2001;27:103–113
  33. Mueser KT, Salyers MP, Mueser PR. A prospective analysis of work in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2001;27:281–296
  34. In:  Murray CJL,  Lopez AD editor. The Global Burden of Disease. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1996;p. 4
  35. Ormel J, Vonkorff M, Oldehinkel AJ, Simon G, Tiemens BG, Ustün TB. Onset of disability in depressed and non-depressed primary care patients. Psychological Medicine. 1999;29:847–853
  36. Overall JE, Gorham DR. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychological Reports. 1962;10:799–812
  37. Patterson TL, Klapow JC, Eastham JH, Heaton RK, Evans JD, Koch WL, et al. Correlates of functional status in older patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research. 1998;80:41–52
  38. Patterson TL, Moscona S, McKibbin CL, Davidson K, Jeste DV. Social skill performance assessment among older patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 2001;48:351–360
  39. In:  Pratt CW,  Gill KJ,  Barrett NM,  Roberts MM editor. Psychiatric Rehabilitation. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1999;p. 90–110
  40. Sanderson K, Andrews G, Jelsma W. Disability measurement in the anxiety disorders: comparison of three brief measures. Anxiety Disorders. 2001;15:333–344
  41. Sata M, Yoshitake K, Utsunomiya H, Hatada K, Ohtsuka T, Sugasaki H, et al. Factors affecting disability in patients attending the internal medicine departments of general hospitals. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 1999;53:611–620
  42. Shankar R, Kamath S, Joseph AA. Gender differences in disability: a comparison of married patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 1995;16:17–23
  43. Sheitman BB, Lieberman JA. The natural history and pathophysiology of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research. 1998;32:143–150
  44. Simon GE, Von Korff M. Recognition, management, and outcomes of depression in primary care. Archives of Family Medicine. 1995;4:99–105
  45. Simon GE, Goldberg D, Tiemens BG, Ustun B. Outcomes of recognized and unrecognized depression in an international primary care study. General Hospital Psychiatry. 1999;21:97–105
  46. Sobin C, Blundell ML, Conry A, Weiller F, Gavigan C, Haiman C, et al. Early, non-psychotic deviant behavior in schizophrenia: a possible endophenotypic marker for genetic studies. Psychiatry Research. 2001;101:101–113
  47. Srinivasan TN, Rajkumar S, Padmavathi R. Initiating care for untreated schizophrenia patients and results of one-year follow-up. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2001;47:73–81
  48. Stewart AL, Hays RD, Ware JE. The MOS Short-Form General Health Survey: reliability and validity in a patient population. Medical Care. 1988;26:724–732
  49. Trauer T, Farhall J, Newton R, Cheung P. From long-stay psychiatric hospital to community care unit: evaluation at 1 year. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2001;36:416–419
  50. Thomas A. The multidimensional character of biased perceptions of individuals with disabilities. Journal of Rehabilitation. 2001;67:3–9
  51. Usall J, Araya S, Ochoa S, Busquets E, Gost A, Marquez M. Gender differences in a sample of schizophrenic outpatients. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2001;42:301–305
  52. Van Os J. From first episode to long-term care: the need for sustained clinical commitment. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice. 2000;4(Suppl. 1):S19–S24
  53. Vos T, Mathers CD. The burden of mental disorders: a comparison of methods between the Australian burden of disease studies and the global burden of disease study. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2000;78:427–438
  54. Wiersma D, Wanderling J, Dragomirecka E, Ganev K, Harrison G, Heiden W An Der, et al. Social disability in schizophrenia: its development and prediction over 15 years in incidence cohorts in six European centers. Psychological Medicine. 2000;30:1155–1167

☆ A poster containing a portion of the information presented in this article was presented at the “11th Biennial Winter Workshop on Schizophrenia”, February 24–March 1, 2002, Davos, Switzerland; see published abstract in Schizophrenia Research 53 (Suppl.), 261, 2002.

PII: S0165-1781(05)00100-9

doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2004.05.027

Psychiatry Research
Volume 135, Issue 2 , Pages 103-111 , 15 June 2005

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution