Psychiatry Research
Volume 135, Issue 3 , Pages 179-183 , 30 June 2005

Probing reward function in post-traumatic stress disorder with beautiful facial images

  • Igor Elman

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Behavioral Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street Belmont, MA 02478, USA. Tel.: +1 617 855 3692; fax: +1 617 855 3711.
  • ,
  • Dan Ariely

      Affiliations

    • Program in Media Arts and Sciences and Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
  • ,
  • Nina Mazar

      Affiliations

    • Program in Media Arts and Sciences and Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
  • ,
  • Itzhak Aharon

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
  • ,
  • Natasha B. Lasko

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
    • Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Manchester, NH 03104, USA
  • ,
  • Michael L. Macklin

      Affiliations

    • Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Manchester, NH 03104, USA
  • ,
  • Scott P. Orr

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
    • Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Manchester, NH 03104, USA
  • ,
  • Scott E. Lukas

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
  • ,
  • Roger K. Pitman

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA

Received 1 September 2004 ,Revised 26 April 2005 ,Accepted 27 April 2005.

References 

  1. Aharon I, Etcoff N, Ariely D, Chabris CF, O'Connor E, Breiter HC. Beautiful faces have variable reward value: fMRI and behavioral evidence. Neuron. 2001;32:537–551
  2. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). 4th edn.. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994;
  3. Amir N, McNally RJ, Wiegartz PS. Implicit memory bias for threat in posttraumatic stress disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1996;20:625–635
  4. Berridge KC, Robinson TE. Parsing reward. Trends in Neuroscience. 2003;26:507–513
  5. Bryant RA, Harvey AG. Attentional bias in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 1997;10:635–644
  6. Bremner JD, Southwick SM, Darnell A, Charney DS. Chronic PTSD in Vietnam combat veterans: course of illness and substance abuse. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1996;153:369–375
  7. Chilcoat HD, Breslau N. Posttraumatic stress disorder and drug disorders: testing causal pathways. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1998;55:913–917
  8. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon MM, Williams JBW. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1997;
  9. Gilbertson MW, Shenton ME, Ciszewski A, Kasai K, Lasko NB, Orr SP, et al. Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma. Nature Neuroscience. 2002;25:1242–1247
  10. Jacobsen LK, Southwick SM, Kosten TR. Substance use disorders in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of the literature. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001;158:1184–1190
  11. Kessler RC, Sonnega A, Bromet E, Hughes M, Nelson CB. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1995;52:1048–1060
  12. Litz BT, Gray MJ. Emotional numbing in posttraumatic stress disorder: current and future research directions. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2002;36:198–204
  13. Nadelson T. Attachment to killing. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis. 1992;20:130–141
  14. Puglisi-Allegra S, Imperato A, Angelucci L, Cabib S. Acute stress induces time-dependent responses in dopamine mesolimbic system. Brain Research. 1991;554:217–222
  15. Solursh L. Combat addiction post-traumatic stress disorder re-explored. Psychiatric Journal of the University of Ottawa. 1988;13:17–20
  16. van der Kolk B, Greenberg M, Boyd H, Krystal J. Inescapable shock, neurotransmitters, and addiction to trauma: toward a psychobiology of posttraumatic stress. Biological Psychiatry. 1985;20:314–325
  17. Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Wang GJ. The addicted human brain: insights from imaging studies. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2003;111:1444–1451
  18. Vrana SR, Roodman A, Beckham JC. Selective processing of trauma-relevant words in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 1995;9:515–530
  19. Weathers FW, Keane TM, Davidson JR. Clinician-administered PTSD scale: a review of the first ten years of research. Depression and Anxiety. 2001;13:132–156

PII: S0165-1781(05)00117-4

doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2005.04.002

Psychiatry Research
Volume 135, Issue 3 , Pages 179-183 , 30 June 2005