Psychiatry Research
Volume 150, Issue 1 , Pages 1-11 , 28 February 2007

Malic enzyme 2 and susceptibility to psychosis and mania

  • Byung Dae Lee

      Affiliations

    • Psychiatric Genetics Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
  • ,
  • Consuelo Walss-Bass

      Affiliations

    • Psychiatric Genetics Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
  • ,
  • Peter M. Thompson

      Affiliations

    • Psychiatric Genetics Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
  • ,
  • Albana Dassori

      Affiliations

    • Psychiatric Genetics Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
  • ,
  • Patricia A. Montero

      Affiliations

    • Centro de Investigacion en Biologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
  • ,
  • Rolando Medina

      Affiliations

    • Psychiatric Genetics Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
  • ,
  • Salvador Contreras

      Affiliations

    • Psychiatric Genetics Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
  • ,
  • Regina Armas

      Affiliations

    • Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
  • ,
  • Mercedes Ramirez

      Affiliations

    • Psychiatric Genetics Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
  • ,
  • Mariana Pereira

      Affiliations

    • Centro de Investigacion en Biologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
  • ,
  • Rodolfo Salazar

      Affiliations

    • Centro de Investigacion en Biologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
  • ,
  • Robin J. Leach

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
  • ,
  • Paulina Quezada

      Affiliations

    • Psychiatric Genetics Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
  • ,
  • Henriette Raventos

      Affiliations

    • Centro de Investigacion en Biologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
  • ,
  • Michael A. Escamilla

      Affiliations

    • Psychiatric Genetics Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
    • Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900. Tel.: +1 210 562 5111; fax: +1 210 562 5114.

Received 3 January 2006 ,Revised 12 April 2006 ,Accepted 8 June 2006.

References 

  1. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed.. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994;
  2. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Revised (DSM-III-R). 3rd ed.. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1987;
  3. Bachmann RF, Schloesser RJ, Gould TD, Manji HK. Mood stabilizers target cellular plasticity and resilience cascades: implications for the development of novel therapeutics. Molecular Neurobiology. 2005;32(2):173–202
  4. Bailer U, Leisch F, Meszaros K, Lenzinger E, Willinger U, Strobl R, et al. Genome scan for susceptibility loci for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Biological Psychiatry. 2002;52(1):40–52
  5. Barrett JC, Fry B, Maller J, Daly MJ. Haploview: analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps. Bioinformatics. 2005;21(2):263–265
  6. Bartels SJ, Clark RE, Peacock WJ, Dums AR, Pratt SI. Medicare and medicaid costs for schizophrenia patients by age cohort compared with costs for depression, dementia, and medically ill patients. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2003;11(6):648–657
  7. Bauer M, Unutzer J, Pincus HA, Lawson WB. Bipolar disorder. Mental Health Services Research. 2002;4(4):225–229
  8. Berrettini W. Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: convergent molecular data. Neuromolecular Medicine. 2004;5(1):109–117
  9. Broman KW, Murray JC, Sheffield VC, White RL, Weber JL. Comprehensive human genetic maps: individual and sex-specific variation in recombination. American Journal of Human Genetics. 1998;63(3):861–869
  10. Bubber P, Tang J, Haroutunian V, Xu H, Davis KL, Blass JP, et al. Mitochondrial enzymes in schizophrenia. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. 2004;24(2):315–321
  11. Buchsbaum MS, Hazlett EA. Positron emission tomography studies of abnormal glucose metabolism in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 1998;24(3):343–364
  12. Cardno AG, Rijsdijk FV, Sham PC, Murray RM, McGuffin P. A twin study of genetic relationships between psychotic symptoms. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002;159(4):539–545
  13. Carney RM, Wolpert CM, Ravan SA, Shahbazian M, Ashley-Koch A, Cuccaro ML, et al. Identification of MeCP2 mutations in a series of females with autistic disorder. Pediatric Neurology. 2003;28(3):205–211
  14. Cloninger CR. The discovery of susceptibility genes for mental disorders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2002;99(21):13365–13367
  15. Escamilla MA. Population isolates: their special value for locating genes for bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders. 2001;3(6):299–317
  16. Escamilla MA, Spesny M, Reus VI, Gallegos A, Meza L, Molina J, et al. Use of linkage disequilibrium approaches to map genes for bipolar disorder in the Costa Rican population. American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1996;67(3):244–253
  17. Escamilla MA, McInnes LA, Spesny M, Reus VI, Service SK, Shimayoshi N, et al. Assessing the feasibility of linkage disequilibrium methods for mapping complex traits: an initial screen for bipolar disorder loci on chromosome 18. American Journal of Human Genetics. 1999;64(6):1670–1678
  18. Escamilla MA, McInnes LA, Service SK, Spesny M, Reus VI, Molina J, et al. Genome screening for linkage disequilibrium in a Costa Rican sample of patients with bipolar-I disorder: a follow-up study on chromosome 18. American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2001;105(2):207–213
  19. Excoffier , Laval , Schneider . Arlequin ver. 3.0: an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online. 2005;1:47–50
  20. Ewald H, Mors O, Koed K, Eiberg H, Kruse TA. Susceptibility loci for bipolar affective disorder on chromosome 18? A review and a study of Danish families. Psychiatric Genetics. 1997;7(1):1–12
  21. Feldman D, Goldberg JF. A preliminary study of the relationship between clozapine-induced weight gain and menstrual irregularities in schizophrenic, schizoaffective, and bipolar women. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 2002;14(1):17–21
  22. Foster KA, Beaver CJ, Turner DA. Interaction between tissue oxygen tension and NADH imaging during synaptic stimulation and hypoxia in rat hippocampal slices. Neuroscience. 2005;132(3):645–657
  23. Frazier JA, Ahn MS, DeJong S, Bent EK, Breeze JL, Giuliano AJ. Magnetic resonance imaging studies in early-onset bipolar disorder: a critical review. Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 2005;13(3):125–140
  24. Gisabella B, Bolshakov VY, Benes FM. Regulation of synaptic plasticity in a schizophrenia model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2005;
  25. Greenberg DA, Cayanis E, Strug L, Marathe S, Durner M, Pal DK, et al. Malic enzyme 2 may underlie susceptibility to adolescent-onset idiopathic generalized epilepsy. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2005;76(1):139–146
  26. Hassel B. Pyruvate carboxylation in neurons. Journal of Neuroscience Research. 2001;66(5):755–762
  27. Haupt DW, Newcomer JW. Hyperglycemia and antipsychotic medications. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001;62(Suppl 27):15–26(discussion 40–1)
  28. Itoh S, Itoh F, Goumans M, Dijke P. Signaling of transforming growth factor-β family members through Smad proteins. European Journal of Biochemistry. 2000;267(24):6954–6967
  29. Iwamoto K, Bundo M, Kato T. Altered expression of mitochondria-related genes in postmortem brains of patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, as revealed by large-scale DNA microarray analysis. Human Molecular Genetics. 2005;14(2):241–253
  30. Jeste DV, Gladsjo JA, Lindamer LA, Lacro JP. Medical comorbidity in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 1996;22(3):413–430
  31. Kaur S, Sassi RB, Axelson D, Nicoletti M, Brambilla P, Monkul ES, et al. Cingulate cortex anatomical abnormalities in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;162(9):1637–1643
  32. Konradi C, Eaton M, MacDonald ML, Walsh J, Benes FM, Heckers S. Molecular evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2004;61(3):300–308
  33. Laird NM, Horvath S, Xu X. Implementing a unified approach to family-based tests of association. Genetic Epidemiology. 2000;19(Suppl 1):S36–S42
  34. Lu J, Wu Y, Sousa N, Almeida O. SMAD pathway mediation of BDNF and TGFβ2 regulation of proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal granule neurons. Development. 2005;132(14):3231–3242
  35. Mathews CA, Reus VI, Bejarano J, Escamilla MA, Fournier E, Herrera LD, et al. Genetic studies of neuropsychiatric disorders in Costa Rica: a model for the use of isolated populations. Psychiatric Genetics. 2004;14(1):13–23
  36. Maurer I, Zierz S, Moller H. Evidence for a mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation defect in brains from patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 2001;48(1):125–136
  37. Maxwell ME. Family Interview for Genetic Studies (FIGS): Manual For FIGS. Clinical Neurogenetics Branch, Intramural Research Program. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Mental Health; 1992;
  38. Maziade M, Roy MA, Rouillard E, Bissonnette L, Fournier JP, Roy A, et al. A search for specific and common susceptibility loci for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a linkage study in 13 target chromosomes. Molecular Psychiatry. 2001;6(6):684–693
  39. McGuffin P, Asherson P, Owen M, Farmer A. The strength of the genetic effect. Is there room for an environmental influence in the aetiology of schizophrenia?. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1994;164(5):593–599
  40. McKenna MC, Stevenson JH, Huang X, Tildon JT, Zielke CL, Hopkins IB. Mitochondrial malic enzyme activity is much higher in mitochondria from cortical synaptic terminals compared with mitochondria from primary cultures of cortical neurons or cerebellar granule cells. Neurochemistry International. 2000;36(4–5):451–459
  41. Middleton FA, Mirnics K, Pierri JN, Lewis DA, Levitt P. Gene expression profiling reveals alterations of specific metabolic pathways in schizophrenia. Journal of Neuroscience. 2002;22(7):2718–2929
  42. Nasrallah HA, Mulvihill T. Iatrogenic disorders associated with conventional vs. atypical antipsychotics. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001;13(4):215–227
  43. Nurnberger JI, Blehar MC, Kaufmann CA, York-Cooler C, Simpson SG, Harkavy-Friedman J, et al. Diagnostic interview for genetic studies. Rationale, unique features, and training. NIMH Genetics Initiative. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1994;51(11):849–859(discussion 863–4)
  44. Ohki I, Shimotake N, Fujita N, Jee J, Ikegami T, Nakao M, et al. Solution structure of the methyl-CpG binding domain of human MBD1 in complex with methylated DNA. Cell. 2001;105(4):487–497
  45. Potash JB, Zandi PP, Willour VL, Lan TH, Huo Y, Avramopoulos D, et al. Suggestive linkage to chromosomal regions 13q31 and 22q12 in families with psychotic bipolar disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;160(4):680–686
  46. Prabakaran, S., Swatton, J.E., Ryan, M.M., Huffaker, S.J., Huang, J.T., Griffin, J.L., Wayland, M., Freeman, T., Dudbridge, F., Lilley, K.S., Karp, N.A., Hester, S., Tkachev, D., Mimmack, M.L., Yolken, R.H., Webster, M.J., Torrey, E.F., Bahn, S., 2004. Mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia: evidence for compromised brain metabolism and oxidative stress. Molecular Psychiatry 9(7), 684–97, 643.
  47. Pulver AE, Mulle J, Nestadt G, Swartz KL, Blouin JL, Dombroski B, et al. Genetic heterogeneity in schizophrenia: stratification of genome scan data using co-segregating related phenotypes. Molecular Psychiatry. 2000;5(6):650–653
  48. Shih RA, Belmonte PL, Zandi PP. A review of the evidence from family, twin and adoption studies for a genetic contribution to adult psychiatric disorders. International Review of Psychiatry. 2004;16(4):260–283
  49. Siris SG. Depression in schizophrenia: perspective in the era of “Atypical” antipsychotic agents. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000;157(9):1379–1389
  50. Teller JK, Fahien LA, Davis JW. Kinetics and regulation of hepatoma mitochondrial NAD(P) malic enzyme. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1992;267(15):10423–10432
  51. Van Broeckhoven C, Verheyen G. Report of the chromosome 18 workshop. American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1999;88(3):263–270
  52. Walss-Bass C, Escamilla MA, Raventos H, Montero AP, Armas R, Dassori A, et al. Evidence of genetic overlap of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: linkage disequilibrium analysis of chromosome 18 in the Costa Rican population. American Journal of Medical Genetics B Neuropsychiatric Genetics. 2005;139(1):54–60
  53. Williams NM, Rees MI, Holmans P, Norton N, Cardno AG, Jones LA, et al. A two-stage genome scan for schizophrenia susceptibility genes in 196 affected sibling pairs. Human Molecular Genetics. 1999;8(9):1729–1739
  54. Wong AH, Lipska BK, Likhodi O, Boffa E, Weinberger DR, Kennedy JL, et al. Cortical gene expression in the neonatal ventral–hippocampal lesion rat model. Schizophrenia Research. 2005;77(2–3):261–270
  55. Yang Z, Lanks CW, Tong L. Molecular mechanism for the regulation of human mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme by ATP and fumarate. Structure. 2002;10(7):951–960

PII: S0165-1781(06)00194-6

doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2006.06.001

Psychiatry Research
Volume 150, Issue 1 , Pages 1-11 , 28 February 2007