Psychiatry Research
Volume 157, Issue 1 , Pages 67-76 , 15 January 2008

Emotion recognition in Chinese people with schizophrenia

  • Chetwyn C.H. Chan

      Affiliations

    • Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
  • ,
  • Raymond Wong

      Affiliations

    • Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
  • ,
  • Kai Wang

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
    • Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Laboratory of Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  • ,
  • Tatia M.C. Lee

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Laboratory of Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
    • Institute of Clinical Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong and MacLehose Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Hong Kong
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. K610, Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Laboratory of Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Tel.: +852 28578394; fax: +852 25408920.

Received 30 December 2004 ,Revised 1 December 2005 ,Accepted 8 March 2006.

References 

  1. Addington J, Addington D. Facial affect recognition and information processing in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophrenia Research. 1998;32:171–181
  2. Amador X, Brebion G, Smith M, Gorman J, Malaspina D. Resistance to interference and positive symptomatology in schizophrenia. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. 1998;3:179–190
  3. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders — Text Revision. Washington, DC: APA; 2000;
  4. Andreasen NC. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Iowa City: University of Iowa; 1984;
  5. Andreasen NC. The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). Iowa City: University of Iowa; 1984;
  6. Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, Flaum M, Nopoulos P, Watkins GL, Ponto LB, et al. Hypofrontality in schizophrenia: distributed dysfunctional circuits in neuroleptic–naive patients. Lancet. 1997;349:1730–1734
  7. Anthony BJ. Piagetian egocentrism, empathy, and affect discrimination in children at high risk for psychosis. In:  Anthony EJ,  Koupernik C,  Chiland C editor. The Child and His Family: Vulnerable Children. vol. 4:New York: Wiley; 1978;p. 359–379
  8. Baudouin JY, Martin F, Tiberghien G, Verlut I, Frank N. Selective attention to facial emotion and identity in schizophrenia. Neuropsychologia. 2002;40:503–511
  9. Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory. second edition. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 1996;
  10. Bediou B, Frank N, Saoud M, Baudouin JY, Tiberghien G, Dalery J, et al. Effects of emotion and identity on facial affect processing in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research. 2005;133(2–3):149–157
  11. Bellack AS, Blanchard JJ, Mueser KT. Cue availability and affect perception in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 1996;22:535–544
  12. Benton AL, Hamsher K, de S, Varney NR, Spreen O. Contributions to Neuropsychological Assessment. New York: Oxford University Press; 1983;
  13. Brandt J. The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test: development of a new memory test with six equivalent forms. Clinical Neuropsychology. 1991;5:125–142
  14. Breier A. The management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 1995;81:41–44
  15. Brown L, Sherbenou RJ, Johnsen SK. Test of Nonverbal Intelligence: A Language-Free Measure of Cognitive Ability. 3rd ed.. Texas: Pro-ed; 1997;
  16. Bryson G, Bell M, Lysaker P. Affect recognition in schizophrenia: a function of global impairment or a specific cognitive deficit. Psychiatry Research. 1997;71:105–113
  17. Bryson G, Bell M, Kaplan E, Greig T, Lysaker P. Affect recognition in deficit syndrome schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research. 1998;77:113–120
  18. Chan MWC, Yip JTH, Lee TMC. Differential impairment on measures of attention in patients with paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2004;38:145–152
  19. Charlesworth WR. An ethological approach to research on facial expressions. In:  Izard CE editors. Measuring Emotions in Infants and Children. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1982;p. 317–334
  20. Cohen RA. Neuropsychological assessment of attention. In:  Cohen RA editors. The Neuropsychology of Attention. New York: Plenum Press; 1993;p. 307–352
  21. Cutting J. Judgment of emotional expression in schizophrenics. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1981;139:1–6
  22. Davis PJ, Gibson MG. Recognition of posed and genuine facial expressions of emotion in paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2000;109:445–450
  23. D'Elia LF, Satz P. Color Trails 1 and 2. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1989;
  24. D'Elia LF, Satz P, Uchiyama CL, White T. Color Trails Test Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1996;
  25. Edgeworth JA, Robertson IH, McMillan TM. The Balloons Test Manual. England: Thames Valley Test Company; 1998;
  26. Edwards J, Pattison PE, Jackson HJ, Wales RJ. Facial affect and affective prosody recognition in first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 2001;48:235–253
  27. Edwards J, Jackson HJ, Pattison PE. Emotion recognition via facial expression and affective prosody in schizophrenia: a methodological review. Clinical Psychology Review. 2002;22:789–832
  28. Ekman P, Friesen WV. Unmasking the Face: A Guide to Recognizing Emotions from Facial Clues. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1975;
  29. Gessler S, Cutting J, Frith CD, Weinman J. Schizophrenic inability to judge facial emotion: a controlled study. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1989;28:19–29
  30. Habel U, Gur RC, Mandal MK, Salloum JB, Gur RE, Schneider F. Emotional processing in schizophrenia across cultures: a standardized measures of discrimination and experience. Schizophrenia Research. 2000;42:57–66
  31. Harris AJ. Harris Tests of Lateral Dominance: Manual of Directions for Administration and Interpretation. 3rd ed.. New York: The Psychological Corporation; 1958;
  32. Heaton R. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Resources; 1981;
  33. Hooker C, Park S. Emotion processing and its relationship to social functioning in schizophrenia patients. Psychiatry Research. 2002;112:41–50
  34. Hooper HE. Hooper Visual Organization Test (HVOT). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services; 1983;
  35. Izard CE. The Face of Emotion. New York: Appleton Century; 1971;
  36. Jonsson CO, Sjöstedt A. Auditory perception in schizophrenia: a second study of the intonation test. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1973;49:588–600
  37. Joober R, Rouleau GA, Lal S, Dixon M, O'Driscoll G, Palmour R, et al. Neuropsychological impairments in neuroleptic-responder vs. -nonresponder schizophrenic patients and healthy volunteers. Schizophrenia Research. 2002;53:229–238
  38. Kerr SL, Neale JM. Emotion perception in schizophrenia: specific deficit or further evidence of generalized poor performance?. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1993;102:312–318
  39. Killan GA, Holzman PS, Davis JM, Gibbons RD. Effects of psychotropic medication on selected cognitive and perceptual measures. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1984;93:58–70
  40. Kirkpatrick B, Buchanan R, McKenney PD, Alphs L, Carpenter W. The Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome: an instrument for research in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research. 1989;30:119–123
  41. Kline JS, Smith JE, Ellis HC. Paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenic processing of facially displayed affect. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 1992;26(3):169–182
  42. Kohler CG, Bilker W, Hagendoorn M, Gur RE, Gur RC. Emotion recognition deficit in schizophrenia: association with symptomatology and cognition. Biological Psychiatry. 2000;48:127–136
  43. Kring AM, Kerr SL, Earnst KS. Schizophrenic patients show facial reactions to emotional facial expressions. Psychophysiology. 1999;36:186–192
  44. Lee TMC, Chan CCH. Stroop interference in Chinese and English. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 2000;22:465–471
  45. Lewis SF, Garver DL. Treatment and diagnostic subtype in facial affect recognition in schizophrenia. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 1995;29:5–11
  46. Lezak MD. Neuropsychological Assessment. 3rd ed.. New York: Oxford University Press; 1995;
  47. Loong J. The Manual for the Continuous Performance Test. San Luis Obispo: Wang Neuropsychological Laboratory; 1991;
  48. Mandal MK, Palchoudhury S. Identifying the components of facial emotion and schizophrenia. Psychopathology. 1989;22:295–300
  49. Mandal MK, Rai A. Responses to facial emotion and psychopathology. Psychiatry Research. 1987;20:317–323
  50. Matsumoto D, Ekman P. Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE) and Neutral Faces. University of California, San Francisco: Department of Psychiatry; 1988;
  51. Mueser KT, Doonan R, Penn DL, Blanchard JJ, Bellack AS, Nishith P, et al. Emotion recognition and social competence in chronic schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1996;105:271–275
  52. Penn DL, Combs DR, Ritchie M, Francis J, Cassisi J, Morris S. Emotion recognition in schizophrenia: further investigation of generalized versus specific deficit models. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2000;109:512–516
  53. Phillips ML, Williams L, Senior C, Bullmore ET, Brammer MJ, Andrew C, et al. A differential neural response to threatening and non-threatening negative facial expression in paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenics. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. 1999;92:11–31
  54. Phillips ML, Parker A, Williams I, Medford N, Williams SCR, David AS, et al. Examination of time courses of right and left amygdalar responses to fear in schizophrenia: an fMRI study. Schizophrenic Research. 2002;53(3):S30–S31
  55. Ponsford J, Kinsella G. Attentional deficits following closed-head injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 1992;14:822–838
  56. Silverstein SM, Knight RA, Schwarzkopf SB, West LL, Osborn LM, Kamin D. Stimulus configuration and context effects in perceptual organization in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1996;105:410–420
  57. Smith A. Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT): Manual (Revised). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services; 1982;
  58. Spohn HE, Fitzpatrick T. Informed consent and bias in samples of schizophrenic subjects at risk for drug withdrawal. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1980;89:79–92
  59. Stroop JR,. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 1987;18:643–662
  60. Turner JB. Schizophrenics as judges of vocal expressions of emotional meaning. In:  Davitz JR editors. The Communication of Emotional Meaning. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1964;p. 129–142
  61. Wechsler D. WAIS-R Manual: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. New York: Psychological Corporation; 1982;
  62. Wechsler D. Wechsler Memory Scale Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 1987;
  63. Weniger G, Lange C, Ruther E, Irle E. Differential impairments of facial affect recognition in schizophrenia subtypes and major depression. Psychiatry Research. 2004;128(2):135–146
  64. Yip JTH, Lee TMC. Cultural differences in facial emotion recognition. Brain and Cognition. 2003;51:169–170

PII: S0165-1781(07)00084-4

doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2006.03.028

Psychiatry Research
Volume 157, Issue 1 , Pages 67-76 , 15 January 2008