Psychiatry Research
Volume 170, Issue 2 , Pages 168-171 , 30 December 2009

The 844ins68 polymorphism of the cystathionine beta-synthase gene is associated with schizophrenia

Received 21 September 2007 ,Revised 30 May 2008 ,Accepted 20 July 2008.

References 

  1. Brown AS, Susser ES. Homocysteine and schizophrenia: from prenatal to adult life. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 2005;29:1175–1180
  2. Dekou V, Gudnason V, Hawe E, Miller GJ, Stansbie D, Humphries SE. Gene–environment and gene–gene interaction in the determination of plasma homocysteine levels in healthy middle-aged men. Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2001;85:67–74
  3. De Stefano V, Dekou V, Nicaud V, Chasse JF, London J, Stansbie D, et al. Linkage disequilibrium at the cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) locus and the association between genetic variation at the CBS locus and plasma levels of homocysteine. The Ears II Group. European Atherosclerosis Research Study. Annals of Human Genetics. 1998;62:481–490
  4. Enokido Y, Suzuki E, Iwasawa K, Namekata K, Okazawa H, Kimura H. Cystathionine beta-synthase, a key enzyme for homocysteine metabolism, is preferentially expressed in the radial glia/astrocyte lineage of developing mouse CNS. The FASEB Journal. 2005;9:1854–1856
  5. Franco RF, Elion J, Lavinha J, Krishnamoorthy R, Tavella MH, Zago MA. Heterogeneous ethnic distribution of the 844ins68 in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene. Human Heredity. 1998;48:338–342
  6. Fukagawa NK, Martin JM, Wurthmann A, Prue AH, Ebenstein D, O'Rourke B. Sex-related differences in methionine metabolism and plasma homocysteine concentrations. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2000;72:22–29
  7. Giltay EJ, Verhoef P, Gooren LJ, Geleijnse JM, Schouten EG, Stehouwer CD. Oral and transdermal estrogens both lower plasma total homocysteine in male-to-female transsexuals. Atherosclerosis. 2003;168:139–146
  8. Gordon D, Finch S, Nothnagel M, Ott J. Power and sample size calculations for case–control genetic association tests when errors present: application to single nucleotide polymorphisms. Human Heredity. 2002;54:22–33
  9. Häfner H. Gender differences in schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2003;28:17–54
  10. Haidemenos A, Kontis D, Gazi A, Kallai E, Allin M, Lucia B. Plasma homocysteine, folate and B12 in chronic schizophrenia. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 2007;31:1289–1296
  11. Kemperman RFJ, Veurink M, Van Der Wal T, Knegtering H, Bruggeman R, Fokkema MR, et al. Low essential fatty acid and B-vitamin status in a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia and its response to dietary supplementation. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids. 2006;74:75–85
  12. Leung A, Chue P. Sex differences in schizophrenia, a review of the literature. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum. 2000;401:3–38
  13. Levine J, Stahl Z, Ami B, Slava S, Ruderman GV, Belmaker RH. Elevated homocysteine levels in young male patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002;159:1790–1792
  14. Levine J, Sela BA, Osher Y, Belmaker RH. High homocysteine serum levels in young male schizophrenia and bipolar patients and in an animal model. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 2005;29:1181–1191
  15. Linnebank M, Semmler A, Kleijer WJ, van der Sterre ML, Gartner J, Fliessbach K, et al. The cystathionine beta-synthase variant c.844_845ins68 protects against CNS demyelination in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Human Mutation. 2006;27:1063–1064
  16. Mattson MP, Shea TB. Folate and homocysteine metabolism in neural plasticity and neurodegenerative disorders. Trends in Neurosciences. 2003;26:137–146
  17. Muntjewerff JW, van der Put N, Eskes T, Ellenbroek B, Steegers E, Blom H, et al. Homocysteine metabolism and B-vitamins in schizophrenic patients: low plasma folate as a possible independent risk factor for schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research. 2003;121:1–9
  18. Muntjewerff JW, Kahn RS, Blom HJ, den Heijer M. Homocysteine, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and risk of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Molecular Psychiatry. 2006;11:143–149
  19. Neeman G, Blanaru M, Bloch B, Kremer I, Ermilov M, Javitt DC, et al. Relation of plasma glycine, serine, and homocysteine levels to schizophrenia symptoms and medication type. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;162:1738–1740
  20. Nevo GA, Meged S, Sela BA, Hanoch-Levi A, Hershko R, Weizman A. Homocysteine levels in adolescent schizophrenia patients. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006;16:588–591
  21. Pepe G, Camacho Vanegas O, Rickards O, Giusti B, Comeglio P, Brunelli T, et al. World distribution of the T833C/844INS68 CBS in cis double mutation: a reliable anthropological marker. Human Genetics. 1999;104:126–129
  22. Picker JD, Coyle JT. Do maternal folate and homocysteine levels play a role in neurodevelopmental processes that increase risk for schizophrenia?. Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 2005;13:197–205
  23. Regland B, Johansson BV, Grenfeldt B, Hjelmgren LT, Medhus M. Homocysteinemia is a common feature of schizophrenia. Journal of Neural Transmission. General Section. 1995;100:165–169
  24. Shah S, Bell RJ, Davis SR. Homocysteine, estrogen and cognitive decline. Climacteric. 2006;9:77–87
  25. Shannon B, Gnanasampanthan S, Beilby J, Iacopetta B. A polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene predisposes to colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability. Gut. 2002;50:520–524
  26. Susser E, Brown AS, Klonowski E, Allen RH, Lindenbaum J. Schizophrenia and impaired homocysteine metabolism: a possible association. Biological Psychiatry. 1998;44:141–143
  27. Tsai MY, Bignell M, Schwichtenberg K, Hanson NQ. High prevalence of a mutation in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene. American Journal of Human Genetics. 1996;59:1262–1267
  28. Tsai MY, Yang F, Bignell M, Aras O, Hanson NQ. Relation between plasma homocysteine concentration, the 844ins68 variant of the cystathionine beta-synthase gene, and pyridoxal-5′-phosphate concentration. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. 1999;67:352–356
  29. Wang XL, Duarte N, Cai H, Adachi T, Sim AS, Cranney G, et al. Relationship between total plasma homocysteine, polymorphisms of homocysteine metabolism related enzymes, risk factors and coronary artery disease in the Australian hospital-based population. Atherosclerosis. 1999;146:133–140
  30. Wilcken D, Gupta VJ. Cysteine-homocysteine mixed disulphide: differing plasma concentrations in normal men and women. Clinical Science (Colch.). 1979;57:211–215
  31. Yi P, Melnyk S, Pogribna M, Pogribny IP, Hine RJ, James SJ. Increase in plasma homocysteine associated with parallel increases in plasma S-adenosylhomocysteine and lymphocyte DNA hypomethylation. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2000;275:29318–29323
  32. Zhang G, Dai G. Gene polymorphisms of homocysteine metabolism-related enzymes in Chinese patients with occlusive coronary artery or cerebral vascular diseases. Thrombosis Research. 2001;104:187–195

PII: S0165-1781(08)00227-8

doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.07.007

Psychiatry Research
Volume 170, Issue 2 , Pages 168-171 , 30 December 2009

Article Tools